5.4 II: Migrants relocated for a variety of reasons.
A: Many individuals chose freely to relocate, often in search of work
1) Two examples of these migrants were the manual laborers who looked for jobs readily available, most likely in factories. Another is the specialized professionals. They were already experts in a certain field and continued their work in new places. They would move for a bigger audience or more materials.
B: The new global capitalist economy continued to rely on coerced and semicoerced labor migration, including slavery, Chinese and Indian indentured servitude, and convict labor.
1) Slavery was still going on, causing thousands of slaves to relocate from their homelands to travel to new places to work.
2) Chinese and Indian indentured servitude occured when they began migrating. Basically, they signed a contract agreeing to work 5-7 years for someone in the land they wanted to migrate to. After this sentence was over, they were freed and given their own land to start their own farms.
3) Convict labor occured after the emancipation of the slaves. Convicts were forced to labor in some places, causing them to move around a lot.
5.4 III: The large-scale nature of migration, especially in the 19th century, produced a variety of consequences and reactions to the increasingly diverse societies on the part of migrants and the existing populations.
A: Due to the physical nature of the labor in demand, migrants tended to be male, leaving women to take on new roles in the home society that had been formerly occupied by men.
1) This meant that while their husbands/fathers/brothers were away, women had to take over the roles previously filled by the men. They would work in shops where the men had worked, they would farm, basically, just temporarily filled in where the men had stepped out.
B: Migrants often created ethnic enclaves in different parts of the world that helped transplant their culture into new environments and facilitated the development of migrant support networks. This meant that people of the same ethnicity often grouped together in different parts of the world. This spread migrant support networks, because these enclaves helped other migrants with many things, including how to assimulate their culture into the new one they were facing.
1) The Chinese had many ethnic enclaves all over the world. They were in Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, South America, and North America.
2) Like the Chinese, the Indians had ethnic enclaves in places like East and Southern Africa, the Caribbean, and Southeast Asia.
C: Receiving societies did not always embrace immigrants, as seen in the various degrees of ethnic and racial prejudice and the ways states attempted to regulate the increased flow of people across their borders.
1) An example of this is the Chinese Exclusion Acts, signed by the US in 1882. It restricted the flow of Chinese immigrants into the US. Any Chinese person wishing to enter the US had to gain certification from the Chinese government that they were able to immigrate. New restrictions were also placed on Chinese migrants already in the US.
2) Another example of this is the White Australia Policy. It was instituted by the Australian colonies in 1901. It was an anti-Asian immigration policy that reflected a long-standing and unifying sentiment of the Australian colonies and remained a fundamental government policy into the mid 20th century.
That's all for now. Tomorrow, I'll begin to wrap things up. See you then!
Huh what happened to Mr. Know It All Teacher?
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